What effect does copper sulfate have on aquatic life?

Copper sulfate is widely recognized for its toxic effects on aquatic life, particularly affecting fish eggs and other sensitive life stages. When introduced into water systems, copper ions can interfere with the development and hatching of fish eggs, leading to high mortality rates among embryos. This toxicity is exacerbated in environments with low water hardness or where fish species are particularly sensitive to copper.

While some forms of copper can be beneficial in small amounts, excessive concentrations from copper sulfate can disrupt ecological balance, harming not just egg development but also impacting overall fish populations and aquatic ecosystems. Understanding the implications of using copper sulfate for pest control is crucial, as it underlines the importance of using such substances judiciously to minimize harm to non-target organisms.