How does Eurasian water milfoil primarily reproduce?

Eurasian water milfoil primarily reproduces via fragmentation, which is a common method of asexual reproduction in aquatic plants. When parts of the plant break off, each fragment has the potential to grow into a new individual. This allows for rapid spread and establishment in new areas, especially in environments disturbed by physical factors, such as boating or other human activities. This mode of reproduction contributes to the invasive nature of Eurasian water milfoil, as even small segments can develop roots and grow into new plants, leading to dense stands that can outcompete native aquatic vegetation.

While seeds and other methods of reproduction exist among plants, fragmentation is particularly significant for Eurasian water milfoil, enabling it to thrive in various aquatic ecosystems.